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[点击科学]2021年7月点击科学

陶 陶 编译

2021-07/总第304期

阅读数1

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2021-05-21

封面图展示的是共生真菌定植于无维管束植物粗裂地钱(图中青色部分为植物细胞壁,绿色部分为真菌,红色部分为植物叶绿体)组织的共焦显微图像。叶绿体将大气中的碳作为脂质从植物转移到真菌,从而为其提供养分。相反地,真菌会为植物提供养料和水分。自从4.5亿年前陆生植物开始在陆地上定居,这种共生关系便一直维系着它们的生存与发展。


Confocal microscopy image of a symbiotic fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis) colonizing the tissues of the nonvascular plant Marchantia paleacea (plant cell walls, cyan; fungus, green; plant chloroplasts, red). Chloroplasts transfer atmospheric carbon, as lipids, from the plant to the fungus, thus feeding it. The fungus, in turn, provides nutrients and water to the plant. This symbiosis has supported terrestrial plants since they began colonizing dry land 450 million years ago.


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2021-05-28

气候变化会引起热应激事件,从而威胁到珊瑚礁,导致大面积珊瑚白化和死亡。然而,对于某些珊瑚礁来说,例如位于红海的珊瑚礁,它们却具有更强大的复原力。通过一项针对全球223个观测地点的分析发现,在当地的压力因素与气候变化的协同作用下,很多珊瑚死亡了,但通过有效的本地治理,加上全球的共同努力减缓气候变化,就可以帮助珊瑚礁生存下去。


Climate change threatens coral reefs by causing heat stress events, leading to widespread coral bleaching and mortality. Yet some coral reefs, such as this one in the Red Sea, are more resilient. A global analysis of 223 sites found that local stressors act synergistically with climate change to kill corals, but effective local management, alongside global efforts to mitigate climate change, can help reefs survive.


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2021-06-04

封面图展示的是人类转录前起始复合体(简称PIC;图中粉红色和红色部分)和多亚基中介物复合体(图左橙色部分)在DNA启动子区域(图正中橙色线圈)上组装成一个超复合体(76个多肽,分子质量为4.1兆道尔顿)启动基因转录。介导物结合PIC中的RNA聚合酶II(紫色),刺激其C端功能区的磷酸化(以白色加亮显示),这是转录起始的一个关键事件。


The human transcription preinitiation complex (PIC; pink and red) and multisubunit Mediator complex (orange, left) are assembled into a supercomplex (76 polypeptides, molecular mass: 4.1 megadaltons) on a promoter region of DNA (orange coil, center) to initiate gene transcription. Mediator binds RNA polymerase II (purple) in the PIC and stimulates phosphorylation of its C-terminal domain (highlighted in white), a critical event in transcription initiation.


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2021-06-11

封面图展示的是一个酵母细胞内部的低温电子层析X射线成像图(蓝色部分为核糖体;黄色部分为基因编码的纳米颗粒;灰色部分为细胞器膜)。该技术被用于单分子精度解析原生细胞环境中的大分子结构和空间组织,以及研究相位分离。关于三维电子显微镜的高登研究会议将于2021年10月31日至11月5日在美国缅因州纽里市举行。


Cryo-electron tomograph inside a yeast cell (blue, ribosomes; yellow, genetically encoded nanoparticle; gray, organelle membranes). This technique is used to resolve macromolecular structure and spatial organization in the native cellular environment with single-molecule precision and to study phase separation. The Gordon Research Conference on Three Dimensional Electron Microscopy will be held from 31 October to 5 November 2021 in Newry, Maine.


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