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[点击科学]2020年9月点击科学

陶 陶 编译

2020-09/总第294期

阅读数1

6501.jpg

2020-07-17

封面图上展示的是发育中的小鼠大脑突触体图谱(按比例显示大脑的相对大小)。兴奋性突触的多样性(从低到高为蓝色、绿色、黄色、红色)随着年龄的增长而变化(图中从上到下为1天、2周、3周、3个月和12个月),3个月大的大脑皮层和海马体达到峰值,并且在老年时下降,这可能反映出了大脑功能的寿命轨迹。


Synaptome maps of the developing mouse brain (relative brain size is shown to scale). The diversity of excitatory synapses (low to high: blue, green, yellow, red) changes with age (top to bottom: 1 day, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 3 months, 12 months), peaking in the 3-month-old cortex and hippocampus and declining in old age, potentially mirroring life-span trajectories in brain function.



6502.jpg

2020-07-24

封面图展示的是在每年的8月6日,悼念者和和平活动人士都会将烛光纸灯笼放入日本广岛市元安川中,以纪念广岛遭受原子弹轰炸的周年活动,而下个月就是75周年了。广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸的许多幸存者参与了一项大规模、长期的群组研究项目,得出了目前所知辐射对健康的长期影响等大部分内容。


Every 6 August, mourners and peace activists release candlelit paper lanterns on Hiroshima's Motoyasu River to mark the anniversary of the atomic bombing of the city, which occurred 75 years ago next month. Many survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings have cooperated with a large, long-running cohort study that has produced most of what is known about the long-term health effects of radiation.


6503.jpg

2020-07-31

封面图展示的是一幅远紫外图像,通过结合太阳动力学观测飞船在131 Å(蓝色)和171 Å(黄色)的观测数据,我们就看到了图中这一发生在2012年3月7日的大型(X级别)太阳耀斑。这种耀斑干扰了地球上的无线电通信。如果能够预测何时会出现X级别的耀斑,将有助于科学家预测地球的空间气象。


An extreme ultraviolet image of a large (X-class) solar flare that occurred on 7 March 2012, combining observations taken at 131 Å (blue) and 171 Å(yellow) using the Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft. This flare disrupted radio communications on Earth. Predicting when X-class flares will occur will help to forecast Earth's space weather.


6504.jpg

2020-08-07

封面图上展示的是1个1厘米大小的硅油气泡,当它突然破裂时会产生36条皱褶,其黏稠度是蜂蜜的100倍。图中的黑洞(中间部分)是气泡爆裂时的开口。驱动气泡破裂的是表面张力,而不是重力,并且会同时产生一个快速压缩的过程,使薄膜发生动态弯曲。这个结果突出表明,当涉及到界面现象时,有关重力的物理直觉可能是错误的。


Thirty-six wrinkles develop during the sudden collapse of a centimeter-sized bubble of silicone oil, 100 times as viscous as honey. The black hole (center) is the opening of the bubble as it pops. Surface tension, not gravity, drives bubble collapse and initiates a rapid compression that dynamically buckles the film. This event highlights how physical intuition around gravity may prove erroneous when applied to interfacial phenomena.


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